Euthanasia Essay - Should Physician-Assisted Suicide be Legal? :: Euthanasia Physician Assisted Suicide

Should Physician-Assisted Suicide be Legal? Throughout the twentieth century, major scientific and medical advances have greatly enhanced the life expectancy of the average person. However, there are many instances where doctors can preserve life artificially. In these cases where the patient suffers from a terminal disease or remains in a "persistent vegetative state" or PVS from which they cannot voice their wishes for continuation or termination of life, the question becomes whether or not the patient has the freedom to choose whether or not to prolong their life even though it may consist of pain and suffering. In answer to this question, proponents of physician-assisted suicide, most notably, Dr. Jack Kevorkian, are of the opinion that not only should patients be able to abstain from treatment, but if they have a terminal and/or extremely painful condition, they should be able to seek out the assistance of a doctor in order to expedite their death with as little pain as possible. Contained herein are the arguments for and against the le galization of doctor-assisted suicide, as well as where the state courts stand in respect to this most delicate of issues. In the hopes of clarification, we must first distinguish between active and passive euthanasia. Passive euthanasia involves the patient's refusal of medical assistance. It involves the right to die which is protected by the United States Constitution clauses of due process liberty and the right to privacy (Fourteenth Amendment). The right to doctor-assisted suicide, or active euthanasia, consists of, "...a patient's right to authorize a physician to perform an act that intentionally results in the patient's death, without the physician's being held civilly or criminally liable for having caused the death" . The "passive" form of euthanasia was first deemed legal by the New Jersey State Supreme Court in 1976 In re Quinlan . In the Quinlan case, the court allowed a competent patient to terminate the use of life- sustaining medical machines to prolong life. Since New Jersey's decision, all fifty states have enacted similar statutes which contain living will provisions. However, although the United States Supreme Court upheld the Quinlan decision in re Cruzan , it changed the parameters of passive euthanasia . With the Cruzan decision, the Supreme Court held that passive euthanasia was legal but only for competent adults or those who are

Bacterial Transformation Using pGLO Involving X and Y Genes

Genetic transformation is due to a direct cause in the change by genes, due to the cell in taking and expressing traits from a separate piece of DNA. Naturally proficient bacteria are able to absorb exogenous DNA and go through genetic transformation. (Chen & Dubnau, 2004) The purpose of this experiment was to discover how a gene could be moved from one organism to a different organism with the help of plasmid. The cells that are capable of acquiring these traits from the other organism are known as being competent.Weedman, 2013). In this particular experiment we will genetically transform the bacteria E. coli by inserting a gene through heat shock, this gene codes for Green Fluorescent Protein, also known at GFP. The GFP gene originally comes from a Jellyfish and under an ultraviolet light the bacteria that acquired the gene with glow a brilliant fluorescent green color. (Portman et al. 2013). If the cells' nutrient medium has the sugar arabinose added to it then GFP can be turned o n. (Weedman, 2013). To determine if our hypothesis was correct, we used four differently prepared plates.The four plates each contained a different combination of the following; arabinose, ampicillin, LB nutrient broth, and pGLO plasmid. The combinations were; +pGLO LB/amp, +pGLO LB/amp/ara, -pGLO LB/amp, and -pGLO LB. Our hypothesis was: the plates with pGLO will have growth because they are resistant to the antibiotics involved, the plate with ampicillin and without pGLO will show no growth due to the fact that the antibiotic compromises the bacteria, and the plates that will grow will be the ones containing pGLO since they obtain the trait for glowing.Materials and Methods: All methods were obtained from (Weedman, 2013) Before beginning the experiment obtain latex gloves, two microcentrifuge tubes, a beaker filled with ice, a micropipetter, micropipetter tips, transformation solution containing calcium chloride, sterile loops, pGLO, E. coli, and four plates containing different s ubstances. To begin label the two microcentrifuge tubes +pGLO and – pGLO. Then proceed to obtain 250ul of transformation solution and put it in each one of the tubes using a different miropipetter tip each time, this solution will help enhance the permeability of the cell membranes.Then use a sterile loop to acquire single colony of E. coli to add to the tube labeled +pGLO; add this by twisting the sterile loop until the pGLO is off. Then repeat the last step for the -pGLO tube using a new sterile loop. Next add pGLO to the tube labeled +pGLO, to do this take a new sterile loop and inserted it into a vile containing the plasmid pGLO. Then twist the loop into the tube labeled +pGLO, then place both tubes into the beaker filled with ice for approximately 10 minutes. While the tubes are on ice grab the four LB (Luria Bertani broth) nutrient agar plates.Each plate should be labeled either +pGLO or – GLO; you should nave 1 LB/amp/ara plate (+pGLO), 1 LB plate (-pGLO 2 LB/am p plates (+pGLO)(-pGLO). After 10 minutes in the ice bath place the tubes in a floating rack and put them in a 420C water bath for exactly 50 seconds, giving them a heat shock. Immediately place both tubes back in the ice after the water bath for approximately 2 minutes. Once 2 minutes is up remove the tubes from the ice and put them in the rack at room temperature. Using a new tip each time, add 250ul of nutrient broth to both tubes. Then close the tubes and let them sit at room temperature for 10 minutes.After 10 minutes flick both tubes with your fingers to ix the contents, then using a fresh tip each time add 100ul of the transformation solution (+pGLO) and the control (-pGLO) to their appropriately labeled plates. Using a new sterile loop each time spread the contents around in each dish. Then tape the plates together and placed them upside-down in an incubator set at 370 C for 24 hours. Results: This experiment shows how a gene can be transferred from one organism to a differe nt organism through the help of plasmid. Traits are exchanged from one DNA stand toa different one in the bacteria E. coli.Two of the plates were a control group, hich meant there was no growth after the plates were taken out of the incubator. These two control plates were the ones containing -pGLO LB/amp and -pGLO LB. The transformation plates were the two plates containing +pGLO LB/amp and +pGLO LB/ amp/ara. These two plates showed a substantial growth in bacteria after being taken out of the incubator, one plate showing a considerably larger growth than the other and they both glowed under UV light due to the pGLO. The plate that obtained the arabinose had the largest amount of growth over the 24-hour period. http://mol-bi014masters. masters. grkraJ. g/html/Genetic_Engineering4A- Transformation-Bacterial Cells. htm http://faculty. clintoncc. suny. edu/faculty/michael. gregory/files/bio%20101 [bio %20101 %201aboratory/bacterial%20transformation/results. htm Discussion: Our hypothe sis was: the plates with pGLO will have growth because they are glowing. Our results supported our hypothesis, the plates that showed growth were the plates containing +pGLO LB/amp and +pGLO LB/amp/ara. Where as the other two plates showed no growth at all, which matched our hypothesis. Michael Gregory did a previous experiment; he came to the same conclusion that our experiments' results oncluded.His experiment was identical to ours, involving the same materials and procedure. The same plates showed growth in his experiment as ours, as well as the plates that didn't show growth were the same. (Gregory, 2004). The only weakness that I could think of that would have a major effect on the results would be not using sterile equipment and causing cross contamination. Our experiments did not have any problems arise that would affect the results we obtained.

Csi Effect Essay - 1231 Words

CSI Effect Abstract Crime in America is increasing rapidly and many techniques have been created over the years in order to solve major crimes. Forensics science is one of the many techniques that have been created. Forensics is the use of science and technology to investigate and establish facts in criminal courts of law (free-dictionary, n.d). But there is an upcoming issue which involves the exaggerated details of forensics science. This paper explores the CSI Effect, compares and contrasts criminalistics which involves the nature of the crime and criminology which is the study of the criminal behavior, explores how criminalistics and criminology is fictionally portrayed in the media and how the CSI Effect influences the public†¦show more content†¦We are all now victims of the CSI Effect. The CSI Effect is a phenomenon reported by prosecutors who claim that television shows based on scientific crime solving have made actual jurors reluctant to vote to convict when forensic evidence is neither necessary nor available (Nolo, 2011). The criminalistics and criminology aspects are especially exaggerated; most evidence that is shown is not as clear in real life. Fingerprints of victims are not as easily marked or proven. DNA evidence which requires certain equipment/technology in the lab, is usually too expensive, and isn’t even something you would see in most crime labs. Crimes are also not as traceable as they seem on TV. Many crime scenes take up to week’s sometimes even months to get all of the evidence and process it. The CSI Effect is influencing the public because the more popular those crime shows get the number of student majors in forensics science has increased rapidly. They are interested in the fast pace quick higher level learning skills that the y portray in the TV only to learn that it is nothing like how it is on TV. The CSI Effect is also affecting the real world of criminal justice because it creates unreasonable expectations in the minds of jurors (Hoffmeister, 2011). They want and expect scientific evidence linking the defendant to the crimeShow MoreRelatedThe CSI Effect Essay1905 Words   |  8 Pagesin to watch either CSI or any if the other forensic and criminal investigation related television show each week (CJSG). Since then, the number of viewers has increased rapidly, as well as the amount of television shows with the same type of theme. As a result of the increase of these television programs, researchers are discovering a new phenomenon called the ‘CSI Effect’ that seems to be fueling an interest in forensic science and criminal investigations nationwide. This effect is actually the abilityRead MoreThe Csi Effect On The Minds Of Jurors909 Words   |  4 Pages The CSI Effect is becoming to take it’s place in courtrooms and the prosecutors aren t liking it. Prosecutors are feeling there is no hope for getting a conviction when it’s come to the CSI Effect because they believe that it has control over the juror’s applying justice to criminal. The CSI Effect is being criticized for not allowing prosecutors a fair chance at a conviction in a jury trial for the belief that Jurors are influenced by what they see on T.V shows and how they believe that theRead MoreThe CSI Effect and its Implications in Forensic Science Essay1769 Words   |  8 Pagesknown as the CSI effect, or the process through which devoted fans of popular crime dramas develop unrealistic notions of forensic science methods, practices, and their applications in real life cases (Mancini 544; Stevens 37; Ley, Jankowski, and Brewer 52). The CSI effect has had more negative impacts on forensic science and society than positive impacts, especially in regards to what goes on in the minds of jurors who frequently watch television programs about crime. Studying the CSI effect also leadsRead MoreThe Csi Effect On Crime1657 Words   |  7 PagesThe CSI Effect Introduction Have you ever watched a crime scene drama on television and now believe you are a forensic science expert? This is what you call the â€Å"Crime Scene Investigation Effect (CSI)†. It came into light in the early 2000’s. In 2008, Monica Robbers, an American criminologist, defined the CSI Effect as, â€Å"the phenomenon in which jurors hold unrealistic expectations of forensic evidence and investigation techniques, and have an increased interest in the discipline of forensic science†Read MorePresentation At The 2010 Cooley Law School Symposium On The Csi Effect1113 Words   |  5 Pagespresentation at the 2010 Cooley Law School Symposium on the CSI Effect. It reviews the results of two empirical studies of Michigan jurors in various jurisdictions, which previously concluded that the prosecutor version of the so-called CSI effect cannot be substantiated empirically. The article then describes merged data from the two studies and the analysis of that merged data. T he data supports the earlier suggestion of a tech effect based on cultural changes, rather than any direct impactRead MoreForensic in Pop Culture: The CSI Effect Essay1935 Words   |  8 Pagesshows could remain harmless, as it is entertainment. No matter how crude or erroneous, it is just television. However, what happens when these sources of amusement actually start being damaging? Research has shown that crime shows like the ever popular CSI: Crime Scene Investigation have started becoming significantly detrimental to criminal cases, influencing a jurors perception of what should realistically be going on with acquittal rates and wrongful convictions, but researchers have also startedRead MoreThe Csi Effect1178 Words   |  5 Pagesthat the things that take place on these shows are real. There is Law in Order SVU, 24, Bones and our favorite CSI that make people think that countless cases are open and close do to outrageous finding of DA traces. The CSI Effect is a theory that criminals are getting smarter. These shows give out numerous tactics on how many cases are cracked and suspects are arrested. The CSI Effect also results in various hang juries and miss trials due to lack of evidence. The jury is starting to need moreRead MoreCsi Effect1164 Words   |  5 Pagesorder to accurately depict how the CSI Effect strongly influences our society’s view on crime and courtroom proceedings, I will be comparing different CSI episodes to those methods and theories which apply. Throughout the paper, I will be explaining how CSI has shaped peoples’ minds in believing false claims and investigation beliefs. Watching and comparing episodes of CSI to the CSI Effect will be a prime reference in explaining how the media is placing a spin on CSI television shows. According toRead MoreForensic Misconduct1639 Words   |  7 Pagesinnocenceproject.org/understand/Unreliable-Limited-Science.php Innocence Project. (2012). Marlon Pendleton Case. Retrieved from http://www.innocenceproject.org/ cases-false-imprisonment/marlon-pendleton.php Kourtsounis, G., (2009) Combating the â€Å"csi effect†: an analysis of forensic science in north carolina. Retrieved from www.udclawreview.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Kourtsounis.pdf‎ Marlon Pendleton. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.law.umich.edu/special/exoneration/Pages/casedetail.aspx?caseid=3529 Read MoreOverview of the CSI Effect on Criminal Law Proceedings2011 Words   |  8 Pageswhat has come to be known as the CSI effect. Opinions are generally divided between two groups: those who are extremely worried about the negative influence of the CSI effect and try to draw serious attention to its dangers, and those who believe that the CSI effect and the discussions surrounding it are exaggerated and there is in fact no evidence to support the negative claims to such a high and threatening extent. Before looking at several cases where the CSI effect has been blamed to have distorted

The Industrial Revolution Of The Nineteenth Century

In the eighteenth and nineteenth century there was the Industrial Revolution which resulted in society basing their work and life more on factories and production instead of on agriculture . Alongside industrialisation came capitalism which had the aim of creating profit; urbanism which consisted of mass amounts of people moving from rural to urban areas; and liberal democracy which emphasised the citizenship rights of each person and how they could make decisions on how to change their country rather than having to follow the rule of a monarch which loosely ties in with micro theories. Lee and Newby (1983) noted that â€Å"there was widespread agreement among observers and commentators at this time that Northern Europe and North America were passing through the most profound transformation of society in the history of mankind† in the early nineteenth century . Along with these developments which affected the way people worked was the Enlightenment which was a time period in which people chose scientific and objective ways of understanding the world rather than blind faith in religion and superstition .Through this new grasp and use of reason and rationality, sociology was clearly bound to develop in some way as people were becoming more educated and their minds were being opened to vast new possibilities of what they could achieve. Sociological imagination aims to understand the historical significance and the life of an individual person together as one element with C. WrightShow MoreRelatedThe Industrial Revolution During The Nineteenth Century913 Words   |  4 PagesIn the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries, the industrial revolution was a period when English society experienced a radical shift in terms of industrial expertise. T. S. Ashton, former University of London Economic History Professor, supports this statement saying, â€Å"The industrial revolution was in part cause, and in part effect, of a heightening and extension of the principle of specialization† (The Industrial Revolution 15). England experienced an extreme period of product specialization withinRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution During The Nineteenth Century Essay2292 Words   |  10 PagesIn the late eighteenth century and early nineteenth century of England, the Industrial Revolution occurred. It is marked as an important mo vement in history because it introduced steam-driven machinery, large factories, and a new working class. With new manufacturing, job opportunities opened up. As the demand for employees rose, that is when the working class also began to rise. However, it not only included adults but children as well. The main reason for children to work is because it benefitsRead MoreIn The Nineteenth Century, The Industrial Revolution Caused1043 Words   |  5 PagesIn the nineteenth century, the industrial revolution caused a sharp differentiation between gender roles. Men and women were thought to have completely different roles. Men were seen as workers while women were seen as home-makers. Men and women were totally opposites each other. Marriage was seen as the only proper locale for sex, and women didn’t have any rights in their marriage lives. Birth controls were absent, and abortion was forbidden since 1800s. Sex within marriage usually meant frequentRead MoreThe Industrial Revolut ion Of The Late Nineteenth And Early Nineteenth Century2137 Words   |  9 PagesThe industrial revolution of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century served as the impetus to the creation of new technologies that helped interconnect various parts of the world. In essence, technology was crucial to the development of a globalized economy. With the development of a global economy companies began to expand beyond national borders and cater to citizens around the world by becoming multinational corporations. These now global companies have not only expanded their marketsRead MoreDescribe how the second industrial revolution of the late nineteenth century differed from the first industrial revolution of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century.1420 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Describe how the second industrial revolution of the late nineteenth century differed from the first industrial revolution of the late eighteenth and early nineteenth century. This paper intends to compare the first industrial revolution of the 17th and 18th centuries and the second industrial revolution of the mid-18th and 19th centuries. It will highlight the transformation from the first revolution to the second revolution, focusing on the presence of giant firms and role of science and technologyRead More The European Expansion and its Effects on the World Essay1260 Words   |  6 Pagesby science.† (p. 403) The European scientific revolution was fueled by the blending of â€Å"liberal† and â€Å"servile† arts, in other words, science and technology. Because of the European expansion taking place throughout the world, new commerce and industries were advancing, creating the need for new technology and science. The theories and inventions that Copernicus, Galileo, and Newton provided were the fist major advances during the scientific revolution, and perhaps were the most profound. The EuropeanRead MoreThe Industrial Revolution Of The 19th Century927 Words   |  4 PagesEurope in the nineteenth-century was rapidly evolving into a more modernized society, and many political and cultural ideas were developing during this change. The Industrial Revolution triggered an enormous increase of the standard of living throughout most of Europe and North America. The transformation from the old style of hand made production to the new factory system caused many industries to build factories. This caused many people of the working class to move to the factories in search ofRead MoreModern Culture Is Inevitable, By John Storey And The Invention Of The English Christmas1196 Words   |  5 PagesEvolution of culture is inevitable, as shown in John Storey’s articles, Inventing Opera as art in Nineteenth-Century Manchester and The Invention of the English Christmas. Within both articles, Storey showcases the transformation of culture, with the opera from low-class ent ertainment to high-class art and Christmas transforming from a religious centered event to a capitalism driven day. Both articles look at class hierarchy, the rise of materialism and accessibility. While both of Storey s articlesRead MoreIndustrial Revolution Impact On Western Society1521 Words   |  7 Pageseasily be seen that the Industrial Revolution is one of the most significant events in the formation of Western Society. During the period from 1780 to 1850 (Sherman and Salisbury 517), there were many technological advances made, and this period is known as the Industrial Revolution. The Revolution prompted massive economic growth, urbanization, changes in gender roles, and paved the way for the development of the modern Western society. Although the Scientific Revolution allowed for the innovationRead MoreImpact Of Industrialisation On Patterns Of Urban Development1498 Words   |  6 Pagesin nineteenth century Europe Urbanization is defined as an omnipresent process during which a primary and rural society revolves gradually into a cultivated and industrious one. The linkage between industrialization and urban growth defies an explicit description it is tight and visible, but cannot be simply reduced to direct linearity. It is well known that many small African countries have initiated or accomplished low-level urbanization without economic growth. Roughly without industrial revolution

A Different Perspective of Satan in Paradise Lost by John...

In the first book of Paradise Lost, created by Milton, it can most accurately be perceived as Milton attempting to give the reader a different perspective on Satan, the greatest lost angel. In the first book of Paradise Lost, Milton writes about how Satan was the closest angel to God. Milton’s attempt at making Satan a sympathetic character evolved after his original audience had seen it, because in modern times it is much easier to sympathize with Satan than it was many years ago. The perspective of Satan has changed a lot. In modern times, we view Milton’s retelling of Satan’s story as a story of struggling against great odds, Satan’s being spoon fed powers, and Satan and the Fallen Angels optimism for Hell. In the first book of Paradise Lost, created by Milton, he writes about Satan’s struggle against great odds in order to make Satan a more attractive character in his epic. For example, â€Å"Th infernal Serpent; he it was, whose guile stird up with Envy and Revenge, deceivd† (from Milton’s Paradise Lost, line; 34-35), in this example Milton wrote about how Satan was the closest angel to God, which meant that Satan’s attempt to overthrow God was not entirely shocking considering how envious Satan was of God because God was considered more powerful than Satan. Satan, in his actual attempt to overthrow God, gathered up many Legions of Angels in attempt to overthrow God. God drove him and his crew out of Heaven and sent them to Hell. After they were thrown into Hell, you felt

Trend of People Towards Fast Food Consumption free essay sample

Hamza Shahid Department of management sciences Institute of management sciences (Pak-AIMS) Lahore, Pakistan [emailprotected] com Abstract- The study has been to find out the business opportunity in fast food industry and the factors associated with its expansion at such a rapid face. The study has revealed such valuable factors associated with the fast food consumption and fast food business which provide us with significant proof to invest in the fast food business. The study is exploratory in nature. This is an applied research which has given positive sign for the investment in the fast food business. Introduction Today in the 21st century the life is so fast paced that people even do not have the time for making themselves proper meals at homes. This has also taken people away from healthy food and hygienic food consumption. This fast paced life style has lead people towards adapting new ways of eating. It has also changed the culture of the country; people are significantly indulged in consumption of fast food. People are tilted towards consuming fast food because it involves less hustle and is easy to get. This is the point where fast food industry has grown and many large brands like Hardies, McDonalds, KFC and many other local brands have entered the industry in Pakistan. With the intervention of these fast food companies entering in the market it has turned fast food business into a golden opportunity for investment and to earn more and more profit. This research work is carried to identify the factors that are pivotal towards the growth in fast food industry in Pakistan. The focus of the study is to find out the most important factors that are associated with success of fast food industry in Pakistan. The research will also identify the factors that has made this business such a great success mantra in the country. Secondly the literature showed that significant level of increase in the restaurants in Lahore city. The number of increased restaurants in Lahore is a clear signal towards the change. A). Observation â€Å"New restaurants in Lahore† B). Problem definition â€Å"Business opportunity in food industry in Lahore† II. Preliminary Data Gathering The tools that have been used over here are as follows: ? Literature review ? Interviews A). Literature review: The first step towards the data gathering was the literature review. The literature review showed that there is a significant change in the culture of the citizens of Lahore. The literature showed that female induction into the society has played a great role in changing the eating habits of the people. The research work done previously by the students of Pak Aims 081 batch â€Å"Hunter and Kd. † The research report served as the base for this research work. It helped to identify that there is a growing business opportunity. It also showed that there were some factors discussed that were playing a pivotal role in the fast growing fast food business. Secondly the literature showed that significant level of increase in the restaurants in Lahore city. The number of increased restaurants in Lahore is a clear signal towards the change. The literature showed that due to fast paced and busy life people have changed their consumption culture. The reason is that people want convenience. The age group which is from 10 to 35, the targeted for this industry, is almost 60% of total population as shown in the age pyramid. [pic] It is expected that the target age group is going to be doubled till 2020. So there is a lot of room for new business to enter. Then changing trends of people regarding hoteling and social gathering has changed a lot. The major role is played by the presence of women in the education sector and job market. Now almost there is a 60, 40 ratio of men and women studying or working in universities and different organizations. And in coeducation system students who go for hangout with some female friends or some male and female colleagues go out for lunch. Now because of the presence of women they are not going to go to a local restaurant like ‘Fazal Karahi, sardar machli or any other restaurant that is situated in Laxmi Chawk. They are going to go to a more sophisticated place like a fast food restaurant like KFC, McDonald’s or salt pepper. The culture has changed a lot. Now people prefer to go to such sophisticated places in the presence of females B). Interviews: As mentioned above there was no significant literature available about the fast food industry of Pakistan. In order to get the right results and to get unbiased answers informal interviews were conducted so that grave factors associated with this fast growing business can be identified. Informal interviews lead towards the factors that were part of decision making of the people and enabled to determine the situations in which they preferred to consume fast food rather than regular meals. These informal interviews with the people at random places like cafeteria, parking areas class rooms etc. rovided with such factors that were highly associated with the purchase preference. III. Theoretical framework The theoretical framework consists of the following: †¢ Identification of variables †¢ Prioritizing the variables †¢ Thematic diagram †¢ Nature and direction †¢ Logical statement A). Identification of variables: †¢ Gender †¢ Cost of food †¢ Brand à ¢â‚¬ ¢ Market structure †¢ Variety in fast food †¢ Quality of food †¢ Ease of access †¢ Aesthetics †¢ Retail environment †¢ Bundle offers †¢ Economic conditions †¢ Consumer buying power †¢ Time †¢ Social gathering B). Prioritizing the variables: Here we have covered both perspectives: †¢ Consumer side: Bundle offers and Cost of food †¢ Seller side: Brand name and Ease of access [pic] C). Nature and direction †¢ A sale of fast food is directly related to bundle offers with quality playing a mediating role. †¢ Sales and cost of fast food are inversely related with each with market structure playing a mediating role. †¢ Sales and brand name are directly and positive relations with each other. †¢ Sales and ease of access have positive and direct relation. D). Logical statements †¢ If the bundle offers will increase then the sales will increase. If the cost of food will decrease then sales will increase. †¢ If the brand name is catchy than sales will increase. †¢ If ease of access increase then sales will increase. IV. Methodology A). Purpose of Study: It is an exploratory research B). Type of Investigation: It’s correlational because it is about exploring the key factor associa ted with business growth or opportunity in fast food business in Pakistan. C). Extent of Interference: To make sure that there was no biasness in the research it was carefully monitored that there was no personal influence on the research. The research work has no personal ideas that are shared over here. D). Sampling Plan: Data collection has been done through the questionnaire †¢ Quota sampling †¢ Methods used to calculate the statistics was mean, median and mode. E). Unit of analysis: In order to get accurate results it was important to have the views from the fast food business managers. Secondly it helped to gain deeper insight of success mantra of this business in Pakistan. So quota sampling was opted and further the unit of analysis chosen was dyads. Dyads means two groups were selected for the research both were interrelated to the research. It helped to study the pattern of the society, facts behind this fast adaption to fast food culture and business practices that are involved in making it grow in such fast pace in Pakistan. F). Study setting: The study was conducted in natural setting as the research was to be unbiased and pure. The reason behind it was to capture the first-hand experience of the people so that it enumerates the exact situation of the business. G). Time Horizon: It is longitudinal because the study is related to a particular time period. The research work has been conducted for the year 2012. The research is valid for the current time period. H). Data analysis: |Variables |Questionnaires results | | |Frequency |Percentage | |Cost |16 |25. 80645161 | |Ease of access |18 |29. 03225806 | |Bundle offers |18 |29. 03225806 | |Brand |10 |16. 12903226 | | |62 |100 | a. [pic] | | | |[pic] | | | | | | | |Findings: | | | | | | | |The results have shown that the cultural changes that have been observed are | | | |serving as a strong factor towards the strong shift of the people towards the| | | |fast food. The bundle offers that provide the luxury of having extra food | | | |have its role to play for this. These bundle offers attract the people | | | |towards them. The people in the working arenas also prefer fast food, so in | | | |short cultural change has led to the change of pupil frame of mind. The | | | |other fact was this that due to increased number of female workers and | | | |students in society has led towards increased consumption of fast food, the | | | |reason is it provides good socializing event. | | | |The second thing is the cost of the fast food over the conventional food of | | | |has made it more adaptive and it’s become modern fad. The low cost of food | | | |and bundle offers that fast food has to offer to the people makes it lighter | | | |on pocket and people can enjoy the food in social gatherings. The low cost of| | | |fast food makes its more all the rage and a source of enjoyment. | | | |The Pakistani’s love to be associated with the brand names. Especially the | | | |youth is very keen to be associated with catchy brand names. The people | | | |prefer to have branded food and look trendy in the society. | | |Another fact that has proved its importance towards the success of the fast | | | |food business in Pakistan is the lack of time by the people for cooking. As | | | |the research was conducted in offices so that accurate result could be | | | |yielded people responses showed that they don’t have enough time to cook food| | | |at home. They said that fast food is easy to get and they can have it any | | | |time of the day even during their work. People working in the offices claimed| | | |that it saves them from hustle (especially females. of cooking of food at | | | |home and bringing in to the offices. | | | |Conclusion: | | | | | | | |The conclusion from the research work is that the main reasons behind the | | | |success of fast food business are the cultural changes in Pakistan. The fast | | | |food culture has enrooted itself deep into the youth and corporate people. | | |The ease of access and low cost of food has led towards quick adaption of the| | | |people towards the fast food. Hence it provides sufficient proof that | | | |investing in fast food business will lead towards good fortunes. | | | |Acknowledgement: | | | | | | | |Praise is to Allah Almighty, the one testing us all at all times and making | | | |decisions about what we don’t know and can’t know. Writing this report | | | |appeared to be a great experience to me. It added a lot to my knowledge while| | | |I was working on this report. If I say that this report is one of my | | | |memorable experiences in student life, then it would not be wrong. | | | | | | | |I owe profound gratitude to Mr. Asim Butt for stimulating my creative | | | |abilities by assigning this report to me. I am immensely obliged to all my | | | |fellow students who guided me in making this report, without whose | | | |considerate attention and interest, it would be difficult for me to complete | | | |this report on time. Whatever I have learnt from them and this project report| | | |has put indelible impression on my mind. | | | | | | | |It is my conviction that this learning experience will always be a source of | | | |help in my practical life and professional career. | | | | | | | | | | |References: | | | | | | | | | | | Impact of Fast Food Consumption on Health http://education. lokoi. com/impact-of-fast-food-consumption-on-health ? Abdullah Kd. Ahmad, Women are more into consumption of fast food then men, RMT, IMS ? Ayesha Baig, Scholars, Management Sciences Department Riphah International University, Islamabad, Pakistan http://www. eurojournals. com/EJEFAS. htm ? A Research Report on â€Å"Consumer Involvement level of fast food industry http://www. scribd. com/doc/26246123/%E2 %80%9CConsumer-Involvement-level-of-fast-food-industry-in-Lahore-Pakistan [pic]

Divorces are made in Heaven Essay Example

Divorces are made in Heaven Paper Algernon also says a comment about divorce: Divorces are made in Heaven. This is an inversion of the normal phrase Marriages are made in Heaven. Divorce would have being a topic up for much debate at the time not only because of the issue of money but also that women were basically subservient to men, which meant that women would have had limited rights. However, this is not an issue in the play as womens role in society in The Importance of Being Earnest is portrayed as quite the opposite; all the women have more money than the male characters and seem to get the upper-hand over men. For example, Lady Bracknell sends her husband to dine alone in the bedroom if Lady Bracknells table is out at her dinner parties. Algernon also believes that marriage cant consist of just two people, as it would be tedious for a man to do so. He says that in marriage three is company and two is none. It was not uncommon in the contemporary society for men to have a wife and a mistress. Wilde may be hinting at this fact or he may possibly be using irony to have a private joke about his own Bunburying. We will write a custom essay sample on Divorces are made in Heaven specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Divorces are made in Heaven specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Divorces are made in Heaven specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer He was known to be living a double life with his wife and his lover Lord Alfred Douglas. It could be that he was directing this joke to a few members of the audience at the time, who knew what he meant. In the play, there is irony that both Jack and Algernon only have their Bunburys while they are single men. Lady Bracknells views on marriage are key to the basis of the play. Lady Bracknell believes that it is entirely the parents decision on who marries their daughter: An engagement should come on a young girl as a surprise, pleasant or unpleasant as the case may be. It is hardly a matter that she could be allowed to arrange for herself. This quotation is funny as it has an element of truth but is going beyond the normal customs. It is true that the parents would have had a lot of influence of the husband of their daughters but the girl would have an idea of who he would be. It was more a matter of agreement than completely arranging the whole thing with the girl being oblivious to it all. Gwendolens reasons for wanting to marry Jack are quite absurd. She illustrates that she loves Jack mainly because she thinks his name is Ernest. She says that the only safe name is Ernest. She is being ridiculous in thinking that the fact that a newborn babys character would be determined by the name he had been given. Whilst her mother is basing her decision on Jacks money, status and birthright; Gwendolen is basing her marriage on a name. Even though the later seems the more absurd, Wilde may also be demonstrating that permitting marriage on the grounds of birthright is just as ridiculous as it is true that one cannot help what one is named or into which family one is born.